在十二屆全國人大五次會議記者會上李克強總理答中外記者問

Transcript of Premier Li Keqiang’s Meeting with the Press at the Fifth Session of the 12th National People’s Congress

記者會開始時，李克強說，剛才我聽主持人說，由于來的人多，很多記者提前兩三個小時就到這里了，大家很辛苦，也充分表現(xiàn)了你們的職業(yè)精神，我對中外記者對中國兩會報道所付出的辛勞表示感謝。時間有限，我們單刀直入，我愿意回答記者朋友們提出的問題。

Premier Li Keqiang: The moderator told me that some of the journalists came to the Great Hall of the People for this press conference as early as two to three hours in advance. This shows how hard you work and how committed you are to this profession. I want to thank you for your efforts in covering the “Two Sessions” this year. Since we only have limited time, I suggest we get the questions started right away.

美國有線電視新聞網(wǎng)記者：特朗普總統(tǒng)一直對華發(fā)表一些批評性言論，表示中國偷竊了美國就業(yè)崗位，批評中國匯率政策以及中國在維護地區(qū)安全上做得不夠。我們還了解到，最早就在下個月，中美兩國元首可能會實現(xiàn)會晤。我們對于美國希望從中國得到什么已經(jīng)有了一些概念，我想問，中國希望從美國那兒得到什么？中國對于一個健康可持續(xù)發(fā)展的中美關系的底線是什么？您是否有信心實現(xiàn)這樣的中美關系的發(fā)展？還是覺得前路比較艱難？

CNN: President Trump has been consistently critical of China, claiming that it’s stealing US jobs, manipulating its currency and not doing enough for regional security. Now we are hearing that the US-China talk of the highest level may take place as early as next month. We have a good idea of what the US wants from China, but what does China want from the US? What is China’s bottom line for a healthy, sustainable Sino-US relationship? Are you confident that you can achieve that or will it be a difficult process?

李克強：你的提問讓我回想起去年9月份，我去聯(lián)合國出席聯(lián)大系列高級別會議期間到美國紐約經(jīng)濟俱樂部演講，當時美國總統(tǒng)大選正在白熱化階段，就有人向我提問，如果新的總統(tǒng)當選，中美關系會不會有大的改變？我的回答是，不管誰當選美國總統(tǒng)，雖然中美關系經(jīng)歷過風風雨雨，但會一直前行，我對此持樂觀態(tài)度。特朗普總統(tǒng)當選以后，習近平主席和特朗普總統(tǒng)通了電話，兩國元首都表示要共同推動中美關系向前發(fā)展。特朗普總統(tǒng)和美國新政府的高官也都明確表示，要堅持一個中國政策，這是中美關系的政治基礎，不是風云變幻能夠動搖的，也動搖不得。有了這樣一個政治基礎，中美合作的前景是廣闊的。

Premier Li: Your question reminds me of my trip to New York last September for the UN General Assembly meeting and other high-level events. I was asked a question about China-US ties following a speech at the New York Economic Club. It was a time when the US presidential campaign was turning white-hot. I was asked whether there will be significant change in China-US ties when a new president is elected. My reply was that China-US relations have been going forward in spite of twists and turns in the past decades. So I am optimistic about the future of this relationship no matter who gets elected. President Trump has since been elected, and President Xi Jinping has talked with him over the phone. The two presidents agreed to work together for further progress in China-US relations. President Trump and senior officials from the new US administration have explicitly reaffirmed continued US adherence to the one-China policy, which forms the political foundation of China-US relations. This foundation has remained firm and unshaken despite changing circumstances, and it would always remain so in the future. With the right political foundation in place, China-US cooperation enjoys bright prospects.

我們之所以對中美關系前行持樂觀態(tài)度，是因為中美建交幾十年了，已經(jīng)有了廣泛的共同利益。當然，我們之間也有分歧，比如你剛才提到的在就業(yè)崗位、匯率等問題上有些看法不一，或者在安全問題上也有不同認識。我們雙方都需要保持戰(zhàn)略定力，加強溝通，坐下來談，增進相互了解和理解，現(xiàn)在兩國外交部門正就兩國元首會晤進行溝通。我想，中美關系不僅關系兩國利益，而且事關地區(qū)和世界的和平安全穩(wěn)定，我們要維護它前行。

We feel optimistic about the future of China-US relations on the strength of the extensive common interests that have bound the two countries together in the course of several decades of our diplomatic relations. It is true that there are some differences between the two countries over issues like jobs, exchange rate and security. What’s important for both countries is to stay focused on the overall interests, and enhance dialogue and communication to deepen mutual understanding. Foreign relations departments of our countries are now engaged in discussions on a face-to-face meeting between the two presidents. This relationship is crucial not just for the interests of our countries, but also for regional and global peace, security and stability. We must work together to take it forward continuously.

至于貿易問題，我在兩會參加代表團討論時，有來自外貿企業(yè)的人大代表跟我說，雖然中方是貿易順差，但是企業(yè)生產的產品利潤90%以上是美國企業(yè)拿走了，中國的生產企業(yè)拿到的利潤最低只有2%—3%。據(jù)有關統(tǒng)計，光去年一年，中美的貿易、投資給美國創(chuàng)造的就業(yè)崗位過百萬個。當然，各方的統(tǒng)計方法可能不一，沒關系，我們坐下來談，總是會有共識的，即便一時達不成共識，可以擱置分歧。智者的辦法是擴大共同利益，分歧點所占比例就會越來越小。

As for China-US trade, I want to share with you what an NPC deputy from a foreign trade company told me during this year’s Two Sessions. He said that although China runs a surplus in trade with the US, for his company, over 90% of the profits goes to US firms, and the profit margin of his business is a mere 2 to 3 percent. Statistics show that last year, trade and mutual investment between the two countries created up to one million jobs in the United States. We may have different statistical methods, but I believe whatever differences we may have, we can always sit down and talk about them, and work together to find solutions. And for those differences that cannot be resolved for the time being, they can be shelved and we may continue to focus on expanding common interests, which I believe is the wise choice. And as we do so, the differences will account for a lesser and lesser proportion in overall China-US relations.

我想起前兩天看到國際上有一個權威智庫發(fā)表文章，他們認為，如果中美發(fā)生貿易戰(zhàn)的話，首先受損的是外資企業(yè)，首當其沖的是美資企業(yè)。我們不希望看到打貿易戰(zhàn)，貿易戰(zhàn)帶不來貿易公平，而且雙方都受損�，F(xiàn)在全世界都比較關心中美關系，中方希望，中美關系不管有什么樣的坎坷，還是要向前走、向好處走。中美兩國人民都是偉大的人民，我們有智慧來管控分歧，我們有需要也有條件來擴大共同利益。

I also want to cite a recent article written by a well-reputed international think-tank. It says that should a trade war break out between China and the United States, it would be the foreign-invested companies in China, particularly US firms that would bear the brunt of it. We don’t want to see a trade war. A trade war won’t make our trade fairer. It will only hurt both sides. I understand the whole world is paying close attention to China-US relations. China hopes that no matter what bumps this relationship may run into, it will continue to move forward in a positive direction. Both our peoples are great people and we believe that we have the wisdom to properly manage differences. There is the need and capacity on both sides to expand common interests.

中央人民廣播電臺記者：我們注意到這幾年中國經(jīng)濟的增長速度在持續(xù)放緩，今年又把經(jīng)濟增長的預期目標下調到6.5%左右，這是否會對世界經(jīng)濟造成不利的影響？另外有人認為中國經(jīng)濟存在很多風險，特別是在金融方面的風險，中國是否能夠在世界經(jīng)濟疲軟這個大背景下繼續(xù)扮演世界經(jīng)濟推動者的角色？

China National Radio: China’s economic growth has been declining in recent years and we have seen that the projected target of GDP growth in 2017 has been trimmed to about 6.5%. Will this adversely affect the global economy? Some people say that China’s economy still faces a lot of risks, especially in the financial sector. Do you think that China’s economy will remain an engine driving global economy when global economic growth remains sluggish?

李克強：我們把今年經(jīng)濟增速定在6.5%左右，我看到有外媒報道說中國是溫和下調了增速。其實，增長6.5%這個速度不低了，也很不容易。我曾經(jīng)在中國少林寺陪同外賓看過武僧表演，幾歲的小武僧一口氣翻十幾個跟頭不費勁，而練過十幾年武功的青年武僧翻三五個跟頭就了不得了，主要是塊頭大了。如果今年中國實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟增長目標，增量比去年還要大，因為這是在我們經(jīng)濟總量已經(jīng)超過74萬億元人民幣，相當于11萬億美元基礎上的增長，而且可以帶動1100萬人以上的就業(yè)。我們這樣做符合經(jīng)濟規(guī)律，也可以使注意力更多地放到提高質量和效益上來，對世界經(jīng)濟增長的貢獻率不會低。中國仍然是世界經(jīng)濟復蘇乏力情況下推動全球增長的重要力量。

Premier Li: I read some foreign media commentary describing the projected GDP growth target of about 6.5% this year as moderate downward adjustment. In fact, 6.5% growth is not a low speed and it would not be easy to meet this target. I can’t help but recall a martial art performance I saw at Shaolin Temple, during which a child monk can do over a dozen somersaults at one go quite easily, but several such consecutive somersaults for an adult monk would be quite an accomplishment due to their different size. 6.5% of GDP growth in 2017, if achieved, would generate more additional economic output than last year, as this is a growth attained on the basis of RMB 74 trillion yuan, or US$11 trillion in GDP. And this growth is projected to generate over 11 million new urban jobs. The measures we take are consistent with the laws of economics, and moreover, slower growth can help us better focus on enhancing the quality and performance of China’s economy. I don’t think China’s contribution to global growth will come down. We believe China’s economy will continue to be a strong driving force in the face of sluggish world economic recovery.

至于說到風險，今年世界經(jīng)濟政治不確定的因素很多，這是很大的外部風險。對中國來講，不發(fā)展是最大的風險。我們保持中高速的穩(wěn)定增長，本身就是在為世界穩(wěn)定做貢獻。當然，我們自己也有一些不可忽視的風險，像你剛剛提到的金融領域。對于這些風險點，我們是高度關注的，發(fā)現(xiàn)了會及時處置，“靶向治療”，不會讓它蔓延。當然，我還必須強調，中國金融體系總體是安全的，不會發(fā)生系統(tǒng)性風險，因為我們有很多應對工具，儲備政策許多還沒有用。我們的財政赤字率沒超過3%，商業(yè)銀行資本充足率在13%，撥備覆蓋率176%，這些都超過許多國家，特別是國際上所確定的相關標準。所以我們是有能力防范風險的。當然，我們在中高速行進當中也會系緊“安全帶”，不會讓風險“急性發(fā)作”，更不會發(fā)生區(qū)域性或者系統(tǒng)性的風險。

With respect to risks, we are seeing growing uncertainties in the international economic and political landscape. These are the risks on the external front. As for China, stalled development presents the biggest risk. So it is essential that we maintain steady, medium-high growth and that, in itself, is China’s contribution to global stability. We take very seriously the risks we face on the domestic front, including the financial sector. We will take prompt and targeted measures to prevent them from spreading. I should point out that China’s financial system is generally secure and we do not foresee systemic risks. We still have a good reserve of policy options and instruments at our disposal. Our deficit to GDP ratio is below 3%. The capital adequacy ratio of commercial banks in China is 13% and their provision coverage ratio is 176%, both above the international standards for financial security. As the express train of China’s economy continues to roll along at medium-high speed, we need to fasten our seat belt and ward off acute outbreaks of risks. Still less will we allow regional or systemic risks to break out.

彭博社記者：隨著美國收縮它在全球貿易體系中所發(fā)揮的作用，包括退出跨太平洋伙伴關系協(xié)定，似乎中國愿意在全球貿易中發(fā)揮領導性作用。您和習近平主席都倡導自由貿易、開放型經(jīng)濟以及全球化。但同時我們看到，中國也在實施不公平貿易、自身經(jīng)濟開放速度還不夠快方面受到批評。請問，在未來一年，中國會采取什么措施讓國際社會確信中國是要致力于推進自由貿易和開放型經(jīng)濟的？

Bloomberg: As the United States pulls back from its roles in global trade deals, such as the TPP, China seems poised to take the leadership role. You and President Xi have become advocates of free trade, open economy and globalization. At the same time, China has come under criticism for unfair trade practices and not opening its economy fast enough. Can you say what steps you are taking in the next year to convince the rest of the world that China is committed to free trade and an open economy?

李克強：首先，在全球化進程受到一些非議或者在某些方面有挫折的情況下，中國始終堅持一貫的立場，那就是：維護經(jīng)濟全球化，支持自由貿易。這本身就表明中國是要推動開放。實際上，全球化使各國都受益了，不過在這個過程中也有一些問題，像收益分配等方面，但它們不是全球化本身的問題，而是應對的問題。中國愿意和世界各國一道來改善全球治理體系。全球化和世界的和平發(fā)展合作是一體的、不可分的。關起門來以鄰為壑，解決不了問題。

Premier Li: Although globalization has encountered some bumps in the road, China has consistently upheld economic globalization and free trade. I believe such a position in itself is a good indication of China’s commitment to opening-up. It is fair to say that economic globalization has benefited countries across the world. Some problems may have occurred in this process, for example, with respect to distribution of benefits. But we don’t think they are the result of globalization per se but more of an issue of how one responds to it. China is ready to work with other countries to further improve the global governance system. We also believe that economic globalization has been deeply embedded in the global trend of peace, development and cooperation. A closed-door policy or beggar-thy-neighbor approach leads to no solutions.

中國和世界許多國家一樣，是全球化的受益者，這其中也因為中國一直在堅持不斷地擴大開放。中國首先要把自己的事情辦好，但關起門來也辦不好自己的事情。所以我們開放的大門會越開越大。當然，開放是一個漸進的過程�；剡^頭來看，這幾十年來，我們的步伐一直是向前進的。

Like many countries in the world, China has benefited from economic globalization as it has been opening up ever wider to the outside world. China needs to first run its own things well. But the truth is, this cannot be done with our doors shut. Hence, we will only pursue greater openness. Naturally opening-up is a gradual process. The important thing is that we have kept moving forward for the past decades.

去年，我們吸引外資在發(fā)展中國家仍居首位，達到1260億美元。世界銀行對中國營商環(huán)境的評估，去年和2013年相比排名上升了18位。我們推動上海自貿試驗區(qū)建設，已經(jīng)逐步擴大到11個省區(qū)市，而且還會把普遍適用的經(jīng)驗向全國推廣。我們還要在今年舉辦“一帶一路”國際合作高峰論壇，不斷推出擴大開放的措施。我們也向很多國家提議，建立自由貿易區(qū)或者進行投資貿易協(xié)定的談判，這些都是有利于雙向開放的措施。有一點我想大家要明確，就是開放力度越大，開放程度越深，摩擦相應就會越多，但是占的比例會越來越小。對此，我們是有信心的。我們就是要打造開放的高地、投資的熱土，和世界共享發(fā)展機遇。

Last year, China was still the largest recipient of FDI among developing countries and FDI reached US$126 billion. In the World Bank’s ease of doing business ranking, China moved up 18 spots in 2016 compared with where it was in 2013. We have launched 11 pilot free trade zones starting from Shanghai, and good experience gained from them will be applied across the country. This year we will hold the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation and more steps for opening-up will be introduced. We have proposed to many countries the building of free trade zones or the negotiating of investment and trade agreements. These will all contribute to two-way opening-up.

One thing I should point out is that when one opens itself wider and at a higher level, there will be more frictions, but we are confident that their proportion to overall economic links will only get smaller. So China will open at a higher level and remain a popular destination for investment. We welcome other partners to share in China’s development opportunities.

至于維護全球貿易的自由化，這需要世界各國共同努力，因為天下是天下人的天下。我們對已經(jīng)達成或者希望達成的一些區(qū)域貿易安排一直持開放態(tài)度，也樂見其成。關于區(qū)域的自由貿易安排，涉及中國的，有條件的，我們持開放態(tài)度，愿意去進行推動。我們不會越俎代庖去做不應是中國做的事情。只要是有利于貿易自由化的，我們都會去參與、去推進，而且中國人明白，要以開放抓住全球化的機遇，不管有什么挑戰(zhàn)都不能錯過。

As for liberalization of global trade, we believe all countries need to work together to push it forward. The world belongs to us all and we all need to do our part to make things better. We are open-minded toward the various regional trading arrangements, established or proposed, and welcome progress in them. When they concern China and where conditions are in place, we would follow an open-minded approach and we would be ready to work with others to push them forward. But China has no intention to reach beyond its role or get involved where we shouldn’t. China will participate in and support all initiatives that will promote the liberalization of global trade. We the Chinese understand that the opportunities of economic globalization must be seized through opening-up. They should not be missed no matter what challenges we may face.

《人民日報》記者：我們注意到這四年來您一直都抓住簡政放權這件事情不放松，今年政府工作報告也顯示，您所要求的本屆政府要精簡三分之一行政審批事項的任務已經(jīng)提前完成了，那么剩下的三分之二呢？這項工作要不要繼續(xù)往下推進，如果要繼續(xù)的話您準備怎么推進？

People’s Daily: Mr. Premier, over the past four years, you have been highly focused on the reform to streamline administration and delegate government powers. According to this year’s government work report, the target of cutting the items which require the approval of the State Council and State Council ministries by one third before the end of this government’s term has been fulfilled ahead of schedule. So what about the remaining two thirds? Will the reform be pushed through, and if so, what specific steps will be taken?

李克強：簡政放權核心是要轉變政府職能，處理好政府和市場的關系，這不是一朝一夕之功。我們的確已經(jīng)完成了本屆政府成立之初確定的任務，但是在推進的過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)這里面的名堂多了，不僅是審批權，還有名目繁多的行政許可、資格認證、各種奇葩證明，讓企業(yè)不堪重負的收費等等，這些都屬于簡政放權要繼續(xù)推進的內容。我們就是要在推進過程中，讓政府職能得到轉變，把更多的精力放到該管的事情上來。政府確實管了一些不該管、也不應屬于自己管的事情，它束縛了市場主體的手腳，降低了行政效率，甚至影響了政府的公信力。因此，我們必須進行自我革命，刀刃向內，我一直說要用壯士斷腕的精神堅韌不拔地推進這項改革，不管遇到什么樣的問題，不管有多大阻力，要相信我們有足夠的韌性。

Premier Li: The central goal of the reform is to transform government functions and balance relations between the government and the market. This reform cannot be accomplished overnight. You are right that my government’s target for cutting the number of government review items has already been met. But in this process, we have encountered a variety of issues unexpectedly. In addition to government review and approval items, there are all sorts of procedures requiring administrative permits, certification of qualifications, and payment of all kinds of administrative fees. All these will be subject to reform. The reform will help the government focus on performing its due role more effectively and prevent government from overreaching itself, which has tied down our businesses and hurt government efficiency and credibility. It is a self-imposed reform involving sacrifices on the part of the government. I have all along called for boldness of spirit and decisiveness in action in pushing forward this reform. We will not relent until the job is done, no matter what obstacles or resistance may lie ahead. We should draw confidence from our ample strength and resilience.

簡政放權、放管結合、優(yōu)化服務是三位一體的，也就是政府要把更多的精力放到事中事后監(jiān)管和優(yōu)化對人民群眾的服務上，把市場的準入放寬了，那就要為市場主體公平競爭營造環(huán)境。對那些假冒偽劣、坑蒙拐騙、侵犯知識產權以及涉及食品、藥品、環(huán)保等群眾密切關注的違法違規(guī)問題要堅決查處。我們要通過“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+政務服務”，讓群眾少跑腿、少煩心、多順心。要把更多的力量用于扶貧攻堅、棚戶區(qū)改造、義務教育、基本醫(yī)療等諸多民生關注的方面。

Streamlining administration, enhancing oversight where appropriate and improving government services: these three tasks reflect our holistic approach. Streamlining administration frees up government energy to improve compliance oversight and provide better services. By widening market access, we can level the playing field for all market entities. At the same time, we must seriously deal with any violation of laws and regulations, such as making and selling fake or substandard goods, cheating at the marketplace, violating intellectual property rights, as well as issues of great concern to the general public such as food and drug safety and the environment. Besides, the government will leverage the Internet to make public services more accessible to the people. The government will also focus more on poverty alleviation, development of inner cities, providing compulsory education, meeting basic health care needs and all other areas that concern people’s livelihood.

簡言之，就是要向依法依規(guī)的市場主體發(fā)出“前行、前行、再前行”的信號；向依靠勞動創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新者亮起“可以、可以、再可以”的綠燈；對那些違法違規(guī)不良行為，就要及時亮出黃牌，甚至出紅牌罰他下場。

In a nutshell, the government should send a resounding message of “yes” to law-abiding market entities, give the green light to hard-working entrepreneurs and innovators, and show a yellow card or even a red card to violators of laws and regulations.

日本經(jīng)濟新聞社記者：美國國務卿蒂勒森先生從今天起訪問日本，之后他還要訪問中國和韓國。外界認為此訪的重點之一是討論朝鮮半島問題。當前，朝鮮繼續(xù)試射導彈，推進核武計劃，導致東北亞局勢非常緊張。在此背景下，中國打算采取什么樣的措施和行動來緩解緊張的地區(qū)局勢？中方將如何同日本等相關國家合作，解決朝核問題。

Nikkei: US Secretary of State Tillerson is visiting Japan starting from today and then he is coming to China and the ROK. People believe that one of the key topics for discussion is the Korean Peninsula issue. We have seen that recently the DPRK has once again test-fired missiles and has been pushing forward its nuclear weapons program. All these have heightened tensions in Northeast Asia. I would like to ask what steps will China take to help ease the situation, and how will China work with Japan and other countries concerned to resolve the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue?

李克強：中國在朝鮮半島問題上的立場是明確的、一貫的，堅持實現(xiàn)半島無核化，堅持維護半島和平穩(wěn)定，堅持通過對話協(xié)商解決問題。對于聯(lián)合國安理會已經(jīng)通過的相關決議，中國一直態(tài)度鮮明，而且是全面嚴格執(zhí)行。中國始終是核不擴散體系的堅定維護者。

Premier: China is committed to the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, to peace and stability there and to resolving issues through dialogue. That has been China’s consistent and clear-cut position. With respect to UN Security Council resolutions, China has all along made clear its commitment to and fully complied with these resolutions. China is also a staunch supporter of the international nuclear non-proliferation regime.

的確，近來半島乃至東北亞出現(xiàn)了一些緊張的氣氛，緊張很可能會導致沖突，會使相關各方都受損。我們希望的是，各方共同努力，把緊張的氣氛緩和下來，使大家都回到對話的軌道上來，最終解決問題。按常理說，誰也不愿意自己的家門口整天鬧個不停。

It is true that recently the situation on the Korean Peninsula and in Northeast Asia more generally has become tense. Tensions may lead to conflict, which would harm all parties involved. We hope that all the parties concerned will work together to de-escalate the situation, get issues back on the track of dialogue and try to, find lasting solutions. It’s common sense that no one wants to see turbulence at his doorstep.

中央電視臺記者：您常說就業(yè)是民生之本。有報道說，您每個月在看經(jīng)濟指標的時候，非常關注就業(yè)的變化。我們看到在政府工作報告中，您特別提到今年我國的就業(yè)壓力加大。請問總理，今年會不會出現(xiàn)群體性的失業(yè)問題？

CCTV: You often say that employment is the foundation of people’s livelihood. And of all the economic indicators, it is the statistics concerning jobs that you care the most about. In the government work report, you pointed out that this year, the government may face a more daunting task of providing employment. My question is, do you expect large scale unemployment in particular sectors this year?

李克強：可能稍加注意你們就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，在政府工作報告所提出的主要經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展指標當中，有一項是抬高的，那就是今年我們要新增城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)1100萬人以上，比去年的目標增加100萬人。我們之所以要有6.5%左右的經(jīng)濟增速，穩(wěn)增長主要還是要保就業(yè)。因為就業(yè)對我們這樣一個13億多人口的大國來說是最大的民生。就業(yè)是經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的基礎，是財富增長的來源，也是居民收入的主渠道。我們這幾年一直在實施積極的就業(yè)政策，已經(jīng)連續(xù)4年實現(xiàn)新增城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)1300萬人以上，今年更是強調就業(yè)優(yōu)先，就是要保證能夠實現(xiàn)比較充分的就業(yè)，把失業(yè)率控制在較低的水平。

Premier Li: If you read the government work report carefully, you will notice that we have adjusted a target upward among all the major economic and social development targets for 2017, namely we will create over 11 million new urban jobs, one million more on top of the target we set for 2016. The fact is, we have projected around 6.5% GDP growth mainly to support job creation. Employment is of paramount importance for such a large country as China with 1.3 billion-plus people. Employment is the foundation of economic development. It creates wealth and is a major source of household income. Over the past four years, we have pursued a proactive employment policy and created over 13 million new urban jobs every year for four years in a roll. This year, we will continue to give high priority to employment. The goal is to achieve fairly sufficient employment and keep unemployment at a low level.

這幾年我們一直處在新成長勞動力的高峰，今年的就業(yè)壓力仍然比較大，光高校畢業(yè)生就達795萬，創(chuàng)歷史新高，還有500萬左右的中職畢業(yè)生，加上去過剩產能需要安置幾十萬轉崗職工等等。我們要營造有利于創(chuàng)業(yè)就業(yè)的環(huán)境，不是靠政府去提供“鐵飯碗”，而是讓人民群眾用勞動和智慧去創(chuàng)造或者說打造“金飯碗”。這幾年我們就是通過創(chuàng)造崗位，實現(xiàn)了比較充分的就業(yè)。這里，我想請外國記者朋友能夠多報道中國的就業(yè)崗位是靠自己創(chuàng)出來的。

In the past several years, record numbers of job-seekers have entered the labor force, which is a big challenge for us. This year, we are going to have 7.95 million college graduates, the highest number in history. Five million will graduate from vocational schools. And several hundred thousand workers will be laid off in the process of cutting overcapacity.

The government’s job is not to hand out the “iron rice bowl” or permanent jobs to the people, but to create enabling conditions for the people to use their own ingenuity and hard work to create or secure “gold rice bowls” so to speak. The employment rate in the past years has been fairly high because we have leveraged the enthusiasm for entrepreneurial and innovation activities. I would encourage the media, in particular, foreign media, to report the fact that Chinese jobs are mainly created by the Chinese themselves.

我們完全有能力擴大就業(yè)，不會也不允許出現(xiàn)大規(guī)模群體性失業(yè)，對于一時不能就業(yè)、生計沒有著落的群眾，政府會負起責任，保障他們的基本生活。

The Chinese government has the ability to support more job creation. There will not be, nor will we allow mass unemployment. For those who have difficulty getting jobs or making ends meet, the government will do its part and provide for their basic needs.

新加坡《聯(lián)合早報》記者：今年是本屆政府的收官之年。您認為過去四年多最重要的成就是什么？最難攻克的又是什么？

Lianhe Zaobao: Mr. Premier, this year is the last year in the term of this government. My question is, what has been the most important achievement of the past four years? And what has been the greatest challenge?

李克強：你問的問題雖然簡短，但比較大。如果說到四年來施政的主要成果，那就是在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央領導下，全國上下共同努力，我們不斷創(chuàng)新宏觀調控方式，中國經(jīng)濟運行保持在合理區(qū)間，始終是中高速增長，四年來增速波動也就是1個百分點左右，可以說是平穩(wěn)的。而且這不是靠“大水漫灌”的強刺激來獲得的，而是通過推動產業(yè)、消費升級，使經(jīng)濟結構優(yōu)化取得新進展，通過加快新舊動能轉換促進經(jīng)濟出現(xiàn)向好勢頭，更重要的是帶動了5000多萬人的城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)。

Premier Li: It’s a short but big question. The most important achievement of the past four years is that under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core and with the joint efforts of our people, we have developed new approaches to macroeconomic management and maintained steady economic performance within the proper parameters and a medium-high growth rate. The variation in annual growth rate, for example, is only about one percentage point. We have achieved such steady growth not by resorting to massive, economy-wide stimulus, but by industrial and consumption upgrading, which has contributed to the improvement of China’s economic structure. We have encouraged the new drivers of economic growth to take the place of traditional ones. Most importantly, we have generated as many as 50 million new urban jobs.

這幾年，我一直聽到中國經(jīng)濟會“硬著陸”的聲音，可以說不絕于耳。去年在世界經(jīng)濟和貿易增長出現(xiàn)7年來增速最低的情況下，中國仍然保持中高速增長。這幾年的實踐可以證明，中國經(jīng)濟“硬著陸”論可以休矣。中國經(jīng)濟不會“硬著陸”，我們會長期保持中高速增長，并邁向中高端水平。

Over the years, some people have predicted, once and again, that the Chinese economy will see a “hard landing”. The truth is, we managed a medium-high growth rate last year in spite of the fact that world economic and trade growth hit a seven-year low. I hope this will put an end to any more predictions of a hard landing. The Chinese economy will continue to enjoy medium-high growth and move to a medium-high level.

當然，并不是說我們沒有問題和挑戰(zhàn)，所以要推動改革。說到最難的，還是在深化改革方面。比如說簡政放權、放管結合、優(yōu)化服務的改革，這不僅會觸動利益，而且要觸動靈魂。要讓權力不能任性，就得把那些不應該有的權力砍掉，有些涉及到部門利益，要壓縮尋租空間。這不是一個簡單的過程，從中央政府一直到地方、到基層，都要這樣做，要打通“最后一公里”。

At the same time, we also face many challenges and difficulties, hence the need for continuous reform. This is the biggest challenge for us. The reform to streamline administration, enhance oversight and provide better services is bound to upset vested interests; it also demands a fundamental change in our mindset. There should be no more arbitrary use of government power, the government must not overreach, and the room for rent-seeking must be squeezed. This is easier said than done. We must make sure that all levels of the government move in lockstep to travel the last mile and get rid of any remaining obstacles.

我到有的地方去看，在簡政放權中一次封了109個公章，用一個公章代替。中國太大，不知道類似公章過多的情況哪些地方還有。你們可能也都記得，在前幾年兩會上，曾有人展示了一個項目審批“萬里長征圖”，據(jù)說現(xiàn)在變成“百里”了，百里也不短啊，還要繼續(xù)推進。我前面已經(jīng)講了，不管有什么樣的阻力，我們都有足夠的韌性推動改革。改革就是要解放和發(fā)展生產力，調動廣大人民的積極性，讓群眾得到實惠。為政之要就是要舍小利、顧大義、順民心。

During an inspection trip, I was shown that, instead of requiring a stamp of approval from 108 government departments, the streamlined process required only one. With China being so big, there may be similar situations of excessive requirements for government approval elsewhere. You may remember that a few years ago, a delegate at the Two Sessions produced a so-called Long-March matrix, showing all the intricate procedures for administrative approval. Although things have been streamlined significantly and the long march has been substantially reduced, it’s still too much. Let me repeat that no matter what obstacle may lie ahead, we are determined to push the reform through. The goal is to unleash and grow productive forces, bring out the initiative of the people, and deliver greater benefits to the general public. After all, governance is all about letting go of narrow departmental interests for the greater good and always responding to the people’s call.

《深圳特區(qū)報》記者：去年10月您到深圳參加“全國雙創(chuàng)周”主會場的活動。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，一周之內有50萬人參加了這次活動，場面非�；鸨�。過去一年大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新蓬勃發(fā)展，現(xiàn)在共享經(jīng)濟發(fā)展也很快，但是也有人有不同的看法。請問總理，您覺得“雙創(chuàng)”的熱情會持久嗎？

Shenzhen News: Mr. Premier, last October, you attended the National Week of Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Shenzhen. It is estimated that as many as 500,000 people participated in the national week’s activities, making it a very popular event. Over the past year, this initiative of mass entrepreneurship and innovation has caught on, and the sharing economy has seen rapid expansion. But some people may see these developments in a different way. Mr. Premier, do you think this public enthusiasm for entrepreneurship and innovation will continue?

李克強：“雙創(chuàng)”可以說是應運而生，在全球化、“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”的時代，我們推動“放管服”改革，促進了大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新。這3年多來，每天平均有4萬個以上市場主體注冊登記，相當于每年新增1000多萬個。我和有些外國的領導人談到這件事，他們很驚訝，這相當于他們國家中小微企業(yè)的總量。其實“雙創(chuàng)”不僅是中小微企業(yè)的事，也是大企業(yè)的事，現(xiàn)在許多大企業(yè)也在推動“雙創(chuàng)”，在線上創(chuàng)造很多眾創(chuàng)空間，讓線上的工人當創(chuàng)客，和訂單背后的市場需求結合起來，更適應消費者的需要�！半p創(chuàng)”覆蓋了一二三產業(yè)、大中小企業(yè)，有著很強的生命力。

Premier Li: We believe that our initiative of mass entrepreneurship and innovation is a response to the call of this age of economic globalization and Internet Plus. The government’s further reform of streamlining administration and delegating powers is also designed to boost this public enthusiasm for business start-ups and innovation. Over the past three years and more, on an average daily basis, more than 40,000 market entities have got registered, adding up to 10 million every year. When I share this figure with foreign leaders, they were truly amazed as this is equivalent to the total number of SMEs in their countries. Not only SMEs are doing entrepreneurial and innovation activities. Big companies are actively engaged in this too. They have opened up vast online makerspaces to enable a matching between the innovative capabilities of their employees with the demands of customers in the marketplace. This initiative runs through the development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries and involves businesses of all sizes. So I believe it will continue to thrive.

“雙創(chuàng)”不僅帶動了大量就業(yè)，促進創(chuàng)新驅動發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略深入實施，它也是一場改革，因為它抓住了“人”這個生產力當中最重要的因素，讓人的聰明才智和活力充分展現(xiàn)出來，讓大家有改變命運、獲得縱向上升的平等機會。它也創(chuàng)新了生產模式，許多新業(yè)態(tài)，像共享經(jīng)濟、“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”等等，可以說層出不窮，這些新業(yè)態(tài)有的是新舊動能轉換過程當中產生的，新舊嫁接，有的是“老樹開新花”，總的看它適應了市場的需求，適應了消費者個性化、多樣化的要求。

This initiative has generated a great deal of jobs. It is also an important means to implement the strategy of innovation-driven development. This initiative is a process of reform too because it captures the most important element in productive forces, that is, human resources. It helps bring out the wisdom and motivation of each individual and gives them an opportunity for a fair shot at success and upward mobility. It has also boosted the development of many new production and business models, like the “Internet Plus” and sharing economy. Some of the new business models appear in the synergy between old and new growth drivers. Others are the result of traditional drivers of growth being given renewed life with the application of new technologies. This initiative has, in a nutshell, responded well to market demand and individualistic needs of our customers.

另外，新業(yè)態(tài)的成長也倒逼了政府職能轉變。確實，這些新業(yè)態(tài)很多是過去未知的，有爭議是正常的，我們還是要以開放的態(tài)度、包容的理念審慎監(jiān)管，促使它們健康發(fā)展。

The growing new business models have also created pressure on the government to enhance its capability, because after all, many of the forms of business are new things. When it comes to such new things, it’s only normal for people to have different views. For the government, it needs to exercise careful regulation in an open-minded and accommodating way to promote their healthy development.

我一直在想，也一直這么認為，中國有1.7億受過高等教育和擁有高技能的人才，與近8億的勞動力結合起來，能創(chuàng)造的財富，激發(fā)的能量是難以估算的，也會給市場，包括世界市場帶來巨大的機遇。中國人民勤勞智慧，有著追求美好生活的不竭動力，政府就是要創(chuàng)造環(huán)境，讓人民群眾創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新的熱情持久不衰。當然“雙創(chuàng)”和許多新事物一樣，發(fā)展過程當中一些方面、一些企業(yè)會遇到曲折，但是大方向是正確的。

I have all along believed that China’s nearly 800 million labor force, including the 170 million who have received higher education or possess high professional skills, represents a tremendous source of wealth and energy and enormous opportunities for China itself and the international market too. The Chinese people are intelligent and hard-working and they have an inexhaustible drive for pursuing a better life. The government needs to create an enabling environment for our people to stay enthusiastic for entrepreneurship and innovation. Some people and some enterprises may experience difficulties as this initiative unfolds, which is only normal for the development of new things. But we have the confidence to ensure that our initiative continue to move in the right direction.

鳳凰衛(wèi)視記者：今年政府工作報告中，您首次提到了“港獨”問題，指出“港獨是沒有出路的”，這是否意味著政策上會有什么變化？比如在落實“一國兩制”這個原則問題上是否會更加強調“一國”而弱化“兩制”？或者以后中央對香港的支持會減少？

Phoenix TV: This year’s government work report, for the first time, contains a reference to the notion of “Hong Kong independence”, pointing out that Hong Kong independence will lead nowhere. I wonder if this indicates a change in the policy of the central government. Does it mean that the central government, in implementing the principle of “one country, two systems”, will put more emphasis on the part of “one country” and downplay the part of “two systems”? Does it mean that the central government will reduce its support to Hong Kong?

李克強：對“一國兩制”的方針要全面理解和執(zhí)行，我在政府工作報告中已經(jīng)說了，“一國兩制”的實踐要不動搖、不走樣、不變形。

至于說支持香港發(fā)展，中央政府會不斷地加大力度，繼續(xù)出臺許多有利于香港發(fā)展、有利于內地和香港合作的舉措。比如說去年我們出臺了“深港通”。我們要進一步探索開放債券市場，這是國家的需要，香港也有平臺。我們準備今年在香港和內地試行“債券通”，也就是說允許境外資金在境外購買內地的債券，這是第一次。香港是近水樓臺先得月，這有利于維護香港國際金融中心的地位，有利于香港居民有更多的投資渠道從而受惠，有利于香港的長期繁榮穩(wěn)定。

Premier Li: The principle of “one country, two systems” needs to be understood and implemented in its entirety. As I have also said in the government work report, this principle needs to be steadfastly applied without being bent or distorted. The central government will continue to enhance its support to Hong Kong’s development and will introduce more measures in the interest of Hong Kong’s development and its cooperation with the mainland. Last year, we launched the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect. This year, we will actively explore greater cooperation over the bond markets. That is what the country needs, and Hong Kong has a platform for it too. We are considering establishing a bond market connect between the mainland and Hong Kong this year, allowing, for the first time, overseas capital to buy mainland’s bonds overseas. Hong Kong stands to be the first to benefit from such arrangement thanks to its unique strengths. We believe this will help maintain Hong Kong’s status as an international financial center, diversify investment channels for Hong Kong residents, and contribute to Hong Kong’s lasting prosperity and stability.

俄通社—塔斯社記者：請問您如何評價中俄關系？兩國是否能夠在世界經(jīng)濟不穩(wěn)定、能源價格波動的背景下取得經(jīng)貿關系發(fā)展？

TASS of Russia: Mr. Premier, how do you evaluate overall China-Russia relations? Do you think that the economic relations between the two countries will enjoy further growth in the face of uncertainties in the international economic landscape and volatility of global energy prices?

李克強：說到中俄關系，兩國互為最大的近鄰，是全面戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴關系。中俄關系的健康穩(wěn)定發(fā)展，不僅有利于地區(qū)，也有利于世界。去年兩國元首多次會晤，達成許多重要共識。中俄總理定期會晤多年來一直如期舉行，這本身表明了中俄關系的穩(wěn)定性。

Premier Li: China and Russia are each other’s biggest neighbors. We enjoy a comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination. Sound and steady growth of China-Russia relations is good for the region and good for the world. Last year, presidents of the two countries met several times and reached important agreement on many issues. And the prime ministers’ annual meeting has been held as scheduled every year for many years. I believe all this is evidence of the stability of China-Russia relations.

至于說到兩國的經(jīng)貿關系，這些年世界經(jīng)濟復蘇低迷，貿易增長乏力，中俄經(jīng)貿合作由于能源價格下跌等因素也受到一些影響。記得在去年記者會上，我曾經(jīng)說希望中俄經(jīng)貿合作當年能夠有轉折性變化，現(xiàn)在應該說實現(xiàn)了，當然這是我們共同努力的結果。特別是今年前兩個月，中俄貿易額有大幅增長，這表明中俄雙方經(jīng)貿合作的潛力很大，互補性很強，雙方所設定的經(jīng)貿合作目標是可以實現(xiàn)的。

Talking about economic relations and trade between our two countries, over the years, we have faced sluggish global economic recovery and anemic growth of global trade. So naturally our economic relations and trade have been affected by the decline in international energy prices and some other factors. I recall that last year, on the same occasion, I expressed the hope for our business relations to turn the corner and achieve strong growth by the end of the year. Thanks to our joint efforts, this has been achieved. In the first two months of this year, there was actually a big surge in China-Russia trade. This shows the tremendous untapped potential of our trade ties and the great complementarity of our economies. I am confident that the goals we set for our two-way trade can be achieved.

財新雜志記者：現(xiàn)在人民幣匯率有一定的下跌壓力，但是要穩(wěn)住匯率，要么就是消耗外匯儲備，要么就要加強外匯管制。您如何看待匯率下跌、外儲下降或者外匯管制的代價？這幾害相權您會作何選擇？

Caixin: China’s RMB exchange rate has been under pressure of depreciation. To keep exchange rate stable, one has to either dig into foreign exchange reserves or tighten control on the use of foreign currencies. Among the three scenarios of a weaker currency, drop in foreign exchange reserves and tightened currency control, how would you weigh the costs of each scenario and what choice will you make?

李克強：首先關于匯率。去年因為國際貨幣市場動蕩，特別是美元走高，許多貨幣尤其是主要國際貨幣對美元的匯率大幅度貶值，而人民幣匯率貶值幅度是比較小的。我們不希望通過貶值來增加出口，這不利于企業(yè)轉型升級。我們也不希望打貿易戰(zhàn)，這不利于國際貿易和貨幣體系的穩(wěn)定。我們堅持推進人民幣匯率形成機制的改革，實行以市場供求為基礎、有管理的浮動匯率制度�？梢哉f在人民幣匯率彈性加大的情況下，我們保持了人民幣匯率在合理均衡水平上的基本穩(wěn)定。當然，這也得益于中國經(jīng)濟基本面向好。人民幣匯率的基本穩(wěn)定是對國際貨幣體系穩(wěn)定的重要貢獻。

Premier Li: First, on the exchange rate. Last year, there has been some volatility on international currency markets. Many currencies especially major global currencies have depreciated against the strengthening US dollar. The depreciation of the Chinese yuan against the dollar is a quite modest one. China has no intention to devalue its currency in order to boost exports, because that is not good for our companies’ transformation and upgrading. China has no intention to fight any trade war either, as that is not good for the stability of global trade and the international monetary system. China will continue to push forward the market-oriented reform of its exchange rate regime, and follow a market-based, managed floating exchange rate regime. As the floating band of the Chinese yuan widens, the RMB exchange rate has remained broadly stable at an adaptive and equilibrium level. That is attributable to the sound economic fundamentals in China. By keeping the RMB exchange rate broadly stable, China will continue to contribute to the stability of global monetary system.

至于說到外匯儲備，中國是世界上外匯儲備最多的國家。合理的外匯儲備規(guī)模到底需要多少，這有一個實踐探索的過程�？傊�，我們的外匯儲備是充裕的，是足以支付進口和滿足短期償債需要的，遠遠高于國際標準。

China still has the largest foreign exchange reserves among all countries in the world. As to what is the right size for our foreign exchange reserves, I believe that will continue to be up for exploration. All in all, China has ample foreign exchange reserves for meeting relevant needs, like paying for imports or paying off its short-term external debts. And China’s foreign exchange reserves are way above the international standard.

說到我們對于用匯進行真實性、合規(guī)性審查，實際上這是法律法規(guī)早就規(guī)定的。我在這里明確，企業(yè)正常的用匯、居民到國外求學旅游等的合理用匯是有保證的。人民幣在國際貨幣體系中是有分量的，匯率會保持基本穩(wěn)定。

As for our recent authenticity and compliance review of the use of foreign currency, that has been a legal provision for a long time, not something new. I want to emphasize that the need of our businesses for normal use of foreign currency and that of individuals to study or travel overseas is assured. The RMB has solid weight in the international monetary system and the RMB exchange rate will remain generally stable.