近日，BBC發(fā)起了一項針對社會階級的調(diào)查，宣稱采用了更為科學(xué)的方式去調(diào)查和分析當(dāng)今社會的階級問題，將英國人分為7個階級。BBC表示，傳統(tǒng)概念上的有產(chǎn)、中產(chǎn)和勞工階級分類法已經(jīng)不再適用。

“雙語·智庫”第二十五期，Yee君帶你來了解下這7個階級是如何劃分的，文末還有小測試，歡迎來測測你屬于哪一階級↓

People in the UK now fit into seven social classes, a major survey conducted by the BBC suggests. It says the traditional categories of working, middle, and upper class are outdated, fitting 39% of people.

BBC進行的一項大型調(diào)查顯示，如今英國人可以分成7個社會階級，并稱傳統(tǒng)工人階級、中產(chǎn)階級和上層階級的分類已經(jīng)過時，只適合39%的人群。

It found a new model of seven social classes ranging from the elite at the top to a "precariat" - the poor, precarious proletariat - at the bottom.

調(diào)查采用了新的等級模式，將英國人分為7個社會階級，最頂層是精英階級，最底層是貧困、不穩(wěn)定的無產(chǎn)階級。

More than 161,000 people took part in the Great British Class Survey, the largest study of class in the UK.

16.1萬余人參與了“英國階級調(diào)查”，這是英國規(guī)模最大的階級調(diào)研。

Class has traditionally been defined by occupation, wealth and education. But this research argues that this is too simplistic, suggesting that class has three dimensions - economic, social and cultural.

傳統(tǒng)上的階級劃分依據(jù)是職位、財富和教育背景，但此次研究卻認為這種劃分方法過于簡單化，指出階級包含三個維度：經(jīng)濟、社會與文化。

The BBC Lab UK study measured economic capital - income, savings, house value - and social capital - the number and status of people someone knows. It also measured cultural capital, defined as the extent and nature of cultural interests and activities.

這項由BBC Lab UK發(fā)起的研究衡量了經(jīng)濟資本、社會資本和文化資本。經(jīng)濟資本包括收入、存款、房屋價值等要素，社會資本包括所接觸人員的數(shù)量和地位，文化資本則包括文化興趣及活動的廣度與屬性。

BBC研究表明，當(dāng)今英國社會實際可以分為七大階級：

Elite  精英階級

Established Middle Class  固有中產(chǎn)階級

Technical Middle Class  技術(shù)型中產(chǎn)階級

New Affluent Workers  新興富有工薪階級

Emergent Service Workers  新興服務(wù)業(yè)工薪階級

Traditional Working Class  傳統(tǒng)工人階級

Precariat  無產(chǎn)階級

The new classes are defined as:

新階級的定義如下：

The most privileged group in the UK, distinct from the other six classes through its wealth. This group has the highest levels of all three capitals

是英國最有權(quán)勢的群體，財富水平明顯有別于其他6個階級，他們的經(jīng)濟、社會和文化資本水平均為最高。

• They are the UK's biggest earners

• 他們的收入在英國排名靠前

• They score highest for social, cultural and economic factors

• 他們的社會、文化和經(jīng)濟資本得分最高

• Many went to private school and elite universities - 24% of people in this group were privately educated, far more than in any other class group

• 很多這一階級的人上私立學(xué)校和精英大學(xué)，其中24%的精英人士接受的是私人教育，這一比例遠高于其他階級

• This class is most likely to be found in London and the home counties

• 這一階級的人主要分布在倫敦及周圍各郡

• This group is exclusive and very hard to join, most come from very privileged background

• 精英群體比較排外，外人很難加入他們的社交圈，大都有十分顯赫的背景

• 97% of people in this group own their own home

• 97%的精英人士擁有自己的房產(chǎn)

The second wealthiest, scoring highly on all three capitals. The largest and most gregarious group, scoring second highest for cultural capital.

財富排名第二的階級，三項資本因素的得分都很高。最大、最合群的群體，文化資本排名第二。

• People in this group enjoy a diverse range of cultural activities

• 這個群體喜歡參與各類文化活動

• They socialise with a broad range of people

• 他們的社交范圍非常廣泛

• Many work in management or the traditional professions

• 許多人從事管理崗位或傳統(tǒng)職業(yè)

• Most come from middle class backgrounds

• 他們大多是中產(chǎn)階級出身

• They often live outside urban areas

• 通常住在市區(qū)以外的地區(qū) 

A small, distinctive new class group which is prosperous but scores low for social and cultural capital. Distinguished by its social isolation and cultural apathy.

一個規(guī)模不大卻特色明顯的新興階級類型，經(jīng)濟資本相對富有，但同時社會和文化資本略有不足。這一階級的人社交層面相對局限，對文化生活追求有限。

• People in this group tend to mix socially with people similar to themselves

• 這個群體的社交對象大多是與自己出身背景相似的人

• They prefer emerging culture, such as using social media, to highbrow culture such as listening to classical music

• 與聽古典音樂等高雅文化相比，他們更喜歡社交媒體之類的新興文化  

• Many people in this group work in research, science and technical occupations

• 很多這一階級的人從事研究、科學(xué)、技術(shù)類職業(yè)

• They tend to live in suburban locations, often in the south east of England

• 喜歡住在郊區(qū)，一般集中在英格蘭東南部

• They come from largely middle class backgrounds

• 他們大部分出身于中產(chǎn)階級

 A young class group which is socially and culturally active, with middling levels of economic capital.

這一階級的人相對年輕化，活躍于社會和文化活動，經(jīng)濟資本處于中等水平。

• This youthful class group is economically secure, without being well off

• 這一年輕階級經(jīng)濟相對穩(wěn)定，但并不富足

• These people have high scores for emerging culture, such as watching sport, going to gigs and using social media

• 他們在新興文化方面得分較高，如看體育賽事、參加爵士或搖滾演奏會、使用社交媒體等

• They do not tend to participate in highbrow culture, such as classical music and theatre

• 不太喜歡參加古典音樂、劇院等高雅文化活動

• People in this group are likely to come from a working class background

• 這一階級的人基本來自工薪階級

• Many people in this group live in old manufacturing centres of the UK in the Midlands and North West

• 很多這一階級的人居住在英國中部和西北部的舊制造業(yè)中心

A new, young, urban group which is relatively poor but has high social and cultural capital

一個新興的、年輕的城市階級，他們相對貧窮但擁有很高的社會和文化資本

• This is the youngest of all the class groups

• 這一階級是所有階級里最年輕的

• People in this group have the highest score for emerging culture, which includes going to gigs, using social media and playing sport

• 這一階級的人在新興文化中得分最高，包括參加音樂會，使用社交媒體、愛運動

• They are an urban group, living in inexpensive locations in large cities like Liverpool and Newcastle

• 他們在城市生活，住在利物浦、紐卡斯?fàn)栠@樣的大城市中的便宜住處

• They socialise with a broad range of people

• 他們的社交范圍很廣

• Jobs in this group include chefs, nursing auxiliaries and production assistants

• 這一階級的人從事的職業(yè)包括廚師、助理護士和制作助理等

Scores low on all forms of capital, but is not completely deprived. Its members have reasonably high house values, explained by this group having the oldest average age at 66

在各項資本中得分均不高，但他們卻不是最窮的那部分人。他們有價值較高的房產(chǎn)，平均年齡66歲，是當(dāng)下平均年齡最高的階級。

• Many people in this group own their own home

• 這一階級的大多數(shù)人有自己的房產(chǎn)

• They tend to mix socially with people like themselves

• 他們傾向于和同階級的人交往

• They tend not to enjoy emerging culture, such as going to the gym or using social media

• 他們往往不喜歡新興文化，比如去健身房或使用社交媒體

• This group has the oldest average age

• 他們是平級年齡最高的階級

• Jobs in this group include lorry drivers, cleaners and electricians

• 這一階級的人從事的職業(yè)包括卡車司機、清潔工和電工

The poorest, most deprived class, scoring low for social and cultural capital

最貧窮、資源最匱乏的階級，在社會和文化資本中分值都很低

• They tend to mix socially with people like them

• 他們傾向于和同階級的人交往

• Jobs in this group include cleaner, van driver and care worker

• 這一階級的人從事的工作包括清潔工、貨車司機和護工等

• They tend not to have a broad range of cultural interests

• 他們沒有太廣泛的文化愛好

• People in this group often live in old industrial areas away from urban centres

• 這一階級的人通常住在遠離市中心的老工業(yè)區(qū)

• More than 80% rent their home

• 80%的人租房住

•