國(guó)務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)9月19日上午在天津梅江會(huì)展中心出席2018年夏季達(dá)沃斯論壇開幕式并發(fā)表特別致辭。
▲9月19日，國(guó)務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)在天津梅江會(huì)展中心出席2018年夏季達(dá)沃斯論壇開幕式并發(fā)表特別致辭。 新華社記者 丁海濤 攝
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在第十二屆夏季達(dá)沃斯論壇開幕式上的致辭
中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院總理 李克強(qiáng)
（2018年9月19日）
Address by H.E. Li Keqiang
Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China
At the Opening Ceremony of
The Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2018
Tianjin, 19 September 2018
尊敬的施瓦布主席先生，
尊敬的各位元首、政府首腦，
尊敬的各位貴賓，
女士們，先生們：
Professor Klaus Schwab,
Your Excellencies Heads of State and Government,
Distinguished Guests,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
很高興與大家在天津再次相聚。首先，我謹(jǐn)代表中國(guó)政府，對(duì)第十二屆夏季達(dá)沃斯論壇的召開，表示熱烈祝賀！對(duì)遠(yuǎn)道而來的各位嘉賓，表示誠(chéng)摯歡迎！
It is a great pleasure to join you again in Tianjin. Let me begin by extending, on behalf of the Chinese government, warm congratulations on the opening of the Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2018, and a sincere welcome to all guests from afar.
夏季達(dá)沃斯論壇成立以來的這些年，正是各方應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)、推動(dòng)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇的時(shí)期。作為新領(lǐng)軍者年會(huì)，論壇積極探尋世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和變革的新路徑、新動(dòng)能，提出了很多前瞻性的真知灼見。令人欣慰的是，在歷經(jīng)艱難曲折之后，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)出現(xiàn)整體復(fù)蘇態(tài)勢(shì)。其中一個(gè)重要原因是，新一輪產(chǎn)業(yè)革命孕育興起，全球創(chuàng)新活力競(jìng)相迸發(fā)，為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展注入了新動(dòng)能。然而，當(dāng)前國(guó)際環(huán)境中不穩(wěn)定不確定因素明顯增多，逆全球化傾向抬頭，怎樣繼續(xù)壯大新動(dòng)能、促進(jìn)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)，是各方普遍關(guān)心的問題。本屆論壇以“在第四次工業(yè)革命中打造創(chuàng)新型社會(huì)”為主題，具有很強(qiáng)的針對(duì)性。
Since its inception years ago, the Summer Davos Forum has borne witness to the efforts by various countries to tackle the global financial crisis and bring about global recovery. As a gathering of new champions in the business community, the Forum has contributed forward-looking insights to the quest for new pathways and engines for global growth and transformation.
It is encouraging to note the collective global recovery that has emerged following a tortuous journey. This recovery is, to a large measure, driven by the new round of industrial revolution and a new boom in innovation, which has lent fresh impetus to global economic development. That said, our world is faced with rising uncertainties and destabilizing factors, and a growing backlash against globalization. How to boost the new drivers to secure sustained growth of the global economy is a key area of concern for all of us. In this context, the theme of this Annual Meeting, “Shaping Innovative Societies in the Fourth Industrial Revolution”, cannot be more relevant.
習(xí)近平主席在去年初的世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇年會(huì)主旨演講中，深刻闡述了中國(guó)堅(jiān)定不移推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化、維護(hù)自由貿(mào)易、促進(jìn)創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)等主張。今年是中國(guó)改革開放40周年，我們以此為契機(jī)，推出了一系列深化改革、擴(kuò)大開放、推動(dòng)創(chuàng)新的重大舉措。這些是中國(guó)自身發(fā)展的需要，也是為推動(dòng)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)作出的積極努力。
In his keynote speech at the World Economic Forum early last year, President Xi Jinping stated China’s firm commitment to economic globalization, free trade and innovation-driven development. As we mark the 40th anniversary of reform and opening-up in China this year, we have introduced a host of major steps to deepen reform, expand opening-up and advance innovation, aiming to promote both China’s own development and global growth.
在新產(chǎn)業(yè)革命中壯大世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展新動(dòng)能，就要堅(jiān)定維護(hù)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化。新產(chǎn)業(yè)革命是在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化條件下產(chǎn)生的，正是全球化帶來的貿(mào)易和投資自由化、生產(chǎn)和創(chuàng)新要素流動(dòng)便利化，打造了全球密不可分的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、創(chuàng)新鏈、價(jià)值鏈，推動(dòng)了新產(chǎn)業(yè)革命以前所未有的速度、廣度、深度向前發(fā)展，形成新技術(shù)新產(chǎn)業(yè)多點(diǎn)突破、集群發(fā)展、爆發(fā)增長(zhǎng)的態(tài)勢(shì)。在這個(gè)進(jìn)程中，各國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)不同程度融入其中，彼此相互依存、共生共榮。比如，中國(guó)貨物出口的40%、高技術(shù)產(chǎn)品出口的三分之二是在華外資企業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。以規(guī)則為基礎(chǔ)的多邊貿(mào)易體制，是經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和自由貿(mào)易的基石，是實(shí)現(xiàn)互利共贏的重要保障，其權(quán)威和效力應(yīng)得到尊重和維護(hù)�，F(xiàn)行世貿(mào)組織的某些規(guī)則確有不完善之處，大家可以坐下來平等商量怎么辦，但自由貿(mào)易等基本原則必須堅(jiān)持，各方利益關(guān)切應(yīng)得到充分照顧、努力尋求最大公約數(shù)。用單邊主義的做法是解決不了問題的。在新產(chǎn)業(yè)革命中，沒有誰能包打天下。各方應(yīng)優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)，共育創(chuàng)新、共推創(chuàng)新、共享創(chuàng)新，在嚴(yán)格保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的基礎(chǔ)上，支持企業(yè)基于市場(chǎng)原則和商業(yè)規(guī)則開展創(chuàng)新合作，協(xié)力加速新產(chǎn)業(yè)革命進(jìn)程。
To boost the new drivers of global growth, we need to firmly uphold economic globalization, which has provided fertile ground for the new industrial revolution. The liberalization of trade and investment and the free flow of factors of production and innovation that accompanied economic globalization have fostered highly interconnected global industrial, innovation and value chains, and enabled the expansion of the new industrial revolution at a speed, scale and depth unseen before. New technologies and new industries emerged in clusters and grew exponentially, making breakthroughs across a wide range of sectors. Economies around the world got involved in this process to varying degrees, with deepening interconnectedness and interdependence. One case in point is the fact that 40% of China’s exports in goods and two thirds of its high-tech exports came from foreign-invested enterprises in China.
The rules-based multilateral trading system is the bedrock of economic globalization and free trade, and provides important safeguards for win-win outcomes. The authority and efficacy of the system should be respected and protected. Some WTO rules do need to be improved. The right approach is for all to sit down as equals to find solutions. Throughout this process, the fundamental principles of free trade should be upheld, the interests and concerns of all parties be accommodated, and the broadest possible consensus on reform be built up. Taking a unilateralist approach will not solve any problems. As no one can thrive on his own in the new industrial revolution, we must draw on each other’s comparative strengths and act together to nurture and promote innovation for shared benefits. Governments need to support businesses in collaborating on innovation in line with market principles and commercial rules, while fully protecting their intellectual property rights. Greater government-business synergy will facilitate the new industrial revolution.
在新產(chǎn)業(yè)革命中壯大世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展新動(dòng)能，就要增強(qiáng)發(fā)展的包容性。與以往產(chǎn)業(yè)革命相比，新產(chǎn)業(yè)革命具有網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、平臺(tái)化、泛在化等特點(diǎn)，降低了準(zhǔn)入門檻，為人人參與、人人發(fā)展提供了更加平等可及的機(jī)會(huì)。無論是在城市還是在鄉(xiāng)村，每個(gè)人都可以借助互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，更加便利地創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)富。我們看到，圍繞智能手機(jī)的開發(fā)應(yīng)用，衍生出龐大的產(chǎn)業(yè)集群，很重要的原因就是千千萬萬人在開放的平臺(tái)上，提供了海量的技術(shù)解決方案和產(chǎn)業(yè)應(yīng)用方案。把更多的可能變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)，關(guān)鍵是要營(yíng)造良好的環(huán)境。要健全權(quán)利公平、機(jī)會(huì)公平、規(guī)則公平的制度安排，打造平衡普惠的發(fā)展模式，發(fā)展面向人人的教育，加強(qiáng)對(duì)弱勢(shì)群體的扶持，實(shí)現(xiàn)惠及面更廣、包容性更強(qiáng)的發(fā)展。
To boost the new drivers of global growth in the new industrial revolution, we need to make development more inclusive. Different from previous industrial revolutions, the new round of industrial revolution is enabled by online platforms in a ubiquitously networked environment. Lower thresholds of entry have presented all with an equal and accessible opportunity to participate and benefit. Empowered by the Internet, anyone, no matter in urban or rural areas, can easily start his own business, make innovations and create wealth. As we can see, the development of smart phone applications has spawned massive industrial clusters, as tens of thousands of people upload their technical solutions and industrial application proposals onto open platforms. To turn possibilities into reality, an enabling environment is indispensable. It is imperative to enhance institutional arrangements for equal rights, equal opportunities and fair rules, follow a balanced and inclusive development approach, make education universal, and better support the vulnerable groups so as to achieve more inclusive development that benefits all.
在新產(chǎn)業(yè)革命中壯大世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展新動(dòng)能，就要力促融通創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展。新產(chǎn)業(yè)革命孕育著無限的希望，自然科學(xué)、社會(huì)科學(xué)、人文藝術(shù)等從來沒有像今天這樣可以深度交織，不同行業(yè)、不同企業(yè)、不同人群從來沒有像今天這樣可以深度借力。人工智能集合涵蓋了數(shù)學(xué)算法、仿生科學(xué)、傳感技術(shù)、倫理道德等諸多領(lǐng)域。電子商務(wù)也是融通創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展的典型，大企業(yè)搭建交易平臺(tái)，中小微企業(yè)和商戶入駐，對(duì)接供給需求兩端，聯(lián)接制造商貿(mào)兩頭，創(chuàng)造了大量新業(yè)態(tài)、新模式、新就業(yè)。我們要順勢(shì)而為，推進(jìn)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”廣泛應(yīng)用，消除制約要素優(yōu)化組合的障礙，搭建更多跨領(lǐng)域、跨主體的創(chuàng)新平臺(tái)，為新動(dòng)能壯大打開更廣空間。
To boost the new drivers of global growth in the new industrial revolution, we need to pursue integrated innovation and development. The new industrial revolution holds out infinite promise. Today, natural sciences, social sciences and liberal arts are deeply entwined as never before. And different sectors, enterprises and communities can leverage each other’s strengths like never before. Artificial intelligence cuts across an array of disciplines such as algorithm, bionics, sensor technology, and ethics.
E-commerce is another example of integrated innovation and development. Transaction platforms, which are set up by big companies and joined by micro, small and medium-sized enterprises as well as individual business owners, have created conditions for the direct matching of supply and demand, production and sales, resulting in a large number of new forms of business, new models and new jobs. We must seize this momentum to promote wider application of the Internet Plus model, clear the hindrance to optimized allocation of production factors, and establish more inter-disciplinary, multi-stakeholder innovation platforms to open up broader space for the development of the new growth drivers.
女士們、先生們！
Ladies and Gentlemen,
中國(guó)在培育壯大經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展新動(dòng)能方面進(jìn)行了積極探索。過去幾年，面對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)低迷和國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力，中國(guó)堅(jiān)持不搞“大水漫灌”式強(qiáng)刺激，而是深入貫徹新發(fā)展理念，銳意改革創(chuàng)新，緊緊抓住新產(chǎn)業(yè)革命機(jī)遇，充分發(fā)揮人力人才資源、市場(chǎng)規(guī)模等優(yōu)勢(shì)，著力培育壯大新動(dòng)能，推動(dòng)新舊動(dòng)能加快接續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)換。經(jīng)過努力，新動(dòng)能成長(zhǎng)取得了超出預(yù)期的成效，對(duì)穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)、擴(kuò)大社會(huì)就業(yè)發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵支撐作用。
China has made vigorous efforts to nurture new growth drivers. Facing a weak global economy and downward pressure on the Chinese economy in the past several years, China, instead of resorting to massive stimulus, stayed the course of reform and innovation guided by the new development philosophy. Seizing the opportunity of the new industrial revolution and harnessing our advantages in human resources and market potential, we have focused on enhancing the new growth drivers and accelerating the shift from traditional drivers of growth to new ones. Our endeavors have produced better-than-expected results: the new drivers have played a key role in sustaining growth, adjusting the economic structure and expanding employment.
我們大力推進(jìn)簡(jiǎn)政減稅減費(fèi)，極大激發(fā)了市場(chǎng)活力。針對(duì)企業(yè)投資經(jīng)營(yíng)和群眾創(chuàng)業(yè)辦事門檻多、手續(xù)繁、成本高等問題，我們大幅削減各類行政審批事項(xiàng)，改革商事制度，率先大幅減稅降費(fèi)，特別是分步驟全面推開營(yíng)改增，有效降低了制度性交易成本和企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)成本，促進(jìn)了營(yíng)商環(huán)境優(yōu)化和企業(yè)提質(zhì)增效。過去五年，中國(guó)各類市場(chǎng)主體增加近80%，目前已超過1億戶，新增市場(chǎng)主體活躍度保持在70%左右。這不僅促進(jìn)了新動(dòng)能加快成長(zhǎng)，而且創(chuàng)造了大量就業(yè)崗位，城鎮(zhèn)每年新增就業(yè)超過1300萬人。有就業(yè)就有收入，就能帶來新的消費(fèi)和投資，從而推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展良性循環(huán)。
We have made vigorous efforts to streamline administration and cut taxes and fees, unlocking market vitality. Our businesses and the general public often encounter red tape and high cost in their investment and operations and in starting a business and accessing government services. To address these issues, we have substantially reduced the number of items requiring administrative approval, reformed the business system, and taken the initiative to slash taxes and fees. In particular, we rolled out a nationwide program of replacing business tax with VAT in a phased manner, which has lowered institutional transaction costs and production and operation costs. The VAT reform has also improved China’s business environment and enhanced the quality and performance of Chinese companies.
In the past five years, the number of market entities in China has surged by nearly 80% to more than 100 million, and around 70% of new market entities are in active operation. This has not only accelerated the development of new drivers but also given a strong boost to employment. We are now seeing more than 13 million new urban jobs created each year in China. Employment generates income, which produces new consumption and investment, thus fostering a healthy cycle of economic development.
我們實(shí)行包容審慎監(jiān)管，促進(jìn)了新興產(chǎn)業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展。新產(chǎn)業(yè)、新業(yè)態(tài)、新模式等是新動(dòng)能的希望。這些新生事物未知大于已知，在不少方面與傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)有很大不同甚至完全不同，監(jiān)管不能削足適履、簡(jiǎn)單套用老辦法。為此，我們確立了包容審慎的監(jiān)管方式。所謂包容，就是新業(yè)態(tài)新模式只要不違反法律法規(guī)、不觸及安全底線、不損害公眾利益，就本著鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新原則，為其成長(zhǎng)留下足夠空間。所謂審慎，就是對(duì)新業(yè)態(tài)新模式看不準(zhǔn)的時(shí)候，不要一上來就管死，而是給它一個(gè)“觀察期”，在出臺(tái)監(jiān)管措施時(shí)認(rèn)真研究論證，既防止其不良行為，又引導(dǎo)其健康規(guī)范發(fā)展；對(duì)有些潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很大、有可能造成嚴(yán)重不良后果的，就果斷采取措施，這也適用于已有業(yè)態(tài)的監(jiān)管；對(duì)謀財(cái)害命、坑蒙拐騙、假冒偽劣、侵犯知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的，不管是新業(yè)態(tài)還是傳統(tǒng)業(yè)態(tài)，不管是線上還是線下，都堅(jiān)決依法予以打擊。正是由于這樣的監(jiān)管，網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物、移動(dòng)支付、共享經(jīng)濟(jì)等新興產(chǎn)業(yè)迅速崛起，成為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展新動(dòng)能蓬勃成長(zhǎng)的顯著標(biāo)志。
We have adopted a prudent yet accommodative approach to regulation, contributing to a boom in emerging industries. New industries, new forms of business and new models create new driving forces. In the beginning we may only have limited knowledge of the workings of emerging industries, which can be vastly or even completely different from traditional ones. Therefore, mechanically following old regulatory methods will not work, just like one shouldn’t cut the toes to fit new shoes. Instead, we have established a prudent yet accommodative regulatory approach.
Our approach is this: as long as new forms of business and new models do not go against laws or regulations, cross the line of security or damage public interests, we will take an accommodative attitude toward their innovations by leaving sufficient space for their development. If we are not immediately certain about the prospect of these new forms of business and new models, we will allow time to prudently observe their performances instead of imposing a regulatory straitjacket right away.
Any regulatory measures to be taken will be carefully assessed to make sure that they serve the purpose of both deterring malpractices and guiding the sound and orderly development of new forms of business. For those businesses that may entail huge risks or serious social consequences, we will make sure that these risks are dealt with resolutely. This also applies to the regulation of existing forms of business. For those malpractices that involve seeking illegal gains, putting lives and property in danger, cheating and swindling, making or selling fake or substandard goods, and infringing on IPRs, we will mete out serious punishment in accordance with the law, no matter whether they emanate from emerging or traditional businesses, or are conducted online or offline. This regulatory approach has facilitated the rapid rise of emerging industries, such as online shopping, mobile payment and the sharing economy, which have become a hallmark of the thriving new drivers of the Chinese economy.
我們鼓勵(lì)大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)萬眾創(chuàng)新，有效釋放了社會(huì)創(chuàng)造力。中國(guó)有近9億勞動(dòng)者，受過高等教育或具有各類專業(yè)技能的有1.7億多人，每年還有大學(xué)畢業(yè)生800多萬人、中專畢業(yè)生近500萬人，他們之中蘊(yùn)藏著巨大的創(chuàng)造潛能。我們健全制度安排，制定支持政策，培育良好的創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新生態(tài)。完善創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新服務(wù)體系，鼓勵(lì)大學(xué)生、返鄉(xiāng)農(nóng)民工等創(chuàng)業(yè)，以創(chuàng)業(yè)帶動(dòng)就業(yè)。改革科技管理體制，賦予科研人員更多成果所有權(quán)和收益權(quán)。發(fā)揮企業(yè)創(chuàng)新主體作用，對(duì)企業(yè)增加研發(fā)投入實(shí)行普惠性支持政策。打造開放共享的創(chuàng)新平臺(tái)，推動(dòng)大中小企業(yè)、科研院所、高校和創(chuàng)客融通創(chuàng)新，提高創(chuàng)新效率、縮短創(chuàng)新進(jìn)程。過去五年，中國(guó)有效發(fā)明專利擁有量增加了2倍，年度技術(shù)交易額翻了一番。前不久，世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)組織等機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)布2018年全球創(chuàng)新指數(shù)排名，中國(guó)列第17位，較2013年上升了18位。
We have encouraged mass entrepreneurship and innovation, inspiring immense social creativity. China has a workforce of nearly 900 million, among which 170 million have received higher education or training in professional skills. Every year we produce over eight million university graduates and over five million graduates from secondary vocational schools. To tap their vast creative potential, we have made institutional improvements, adopted supportive policies, and fostered an enabling ecosystem for entrepreneurship and innovation. We have strengthened services to encourage university students and returnee migrant workers to start their own businesses as a way to meet their job needs. We have reformed the science and technology management system and expanded the right of researchers to own and benefit from their scientific and technological achievements.
We have sought to exert the primary role of companies in innovation and adopted policy incentives for all companies that increase R&D input. We have built open and sharing platforms to promote collaborative innovation by large, medium and small companies, research institutes, universities and makers, making innovation more efficient and faster. In the past five years, the number of in-force Chinese invention patents has tripled, and the annual volume of technology transactions doubled. The Global Innovation Index 2018 recently published by the World Intellectual Property Organization and other institutions puts China at the 17th place globally, 18 places higher than in 2013.
木欣欣以向榮，泉涓涓而始流。中國(guó)聚眾智、匯眾力，成為全球創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新的熱土，新動(dòng)能正在撐起經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的新天地。高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)、先進(jìn)制造業(yè)領(lǐng)跑工業(yè)發(fā)展，服務(wù)業(yè)新業(yè)態(tài)新模式層出不窮，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)步入快車道。網(wǎng)上零售額年均增長(zhǎng)30%以上，信息消費(fèi)、綠色消費(fèi)等新興消費(fèi)快速增長(zhǎng)，消費(fèi)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)貢獻(xiàn)率超過60%。目前，中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)和增長(zhǎng)格局已經(jīng)發(fā)生重大轉(zhuǎn)變，新動(dòng)能對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的貢獻(xiàn)率超過三分之一、對(duì)城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)的貢獻(xiàn)率超過三分之二，這為經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。
As an ancient Chinese poem reads, verdant trees and gurgling springs herald a vibrant season. Likewise, the growing ranks of entrepreneurs and innovators are making China a magnet for innovation and business ventures and creating new horizons for economic development powered by new drivers. High-tech industries and advanced manufacturing are spearheading China’s industrial development, new forms and models of services keep emerging, and the industrial structure is upgrading at a faster pace. Online sales have increased by more than 30% annually, and new forms of consumption, such as information and green consumption, have seen rapid growth, raising the share of consumption in economic growth to over 60%. China’s economic structure and growth pattern has also seen a major shift, with new drivers contributing more than one third to economic growth and two thirds to new urban jobs, which lays a solid foundation for sustained and sound economic growth.
女士們、先生們！
Ladies and Gentlemen,
大家都很關(guān)注當(dāng)前國(guó)際形勢(shì)下中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和政策取向。今年上半年中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)6.8%，連續(xù)12個(gè)季度穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行在6.7%－6.9%的中高速區(qū)間。前8個(gè)月，全國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)超過1000萬人，城鎮(zhèn)調(diào)查失業(yè)率穩(wěn)定在5%左右、為歷史較低水平。新設(shè)企業(yè)平均每天超過1.8萬戶，規(guī)模以上工業(yè)企業(yè)利潤(rùn)保持兩位數(shù)增長(zhǎng)�？傮w看，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)繼續(xù)保持穩(wěn)中向好發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)，發(fā)展新動(dòng)能在持續(xù)成長(zhǎng)，基本面是健康的。
Let me now turn to China’s economic development and policy trends in the current international environment, as this is a topic of much interest. In the first half of this year, China’s economy expanded by 6.8%, staying within the medium-high growth range of 6.7-6.9% for 12 quarters in a row. In the first eight months of this year, over 10 million urban jobs were created, and the surveyed urban unemployment rate was kept at a relatively low level of around 5%. Over 18,000 new companies are set up on an average day, and corporate profits of large industrial companies have maintained double-digit growth. On the whole, the Chinese economy has stayed on the track of steady progress, with growing new drivers and sound fundamentals.
當(dāng)然，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展也存在不少困難和挑戰(zhàn)。世界經(jīng)貿(mào)環(huán)境發(fā)生明顯變化，不可避免地給深度融入世界的中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來影響。最近國(guó)內(nèi)投資消費(fèi)增速有所放緩，部分企業(yè)困難有所增加，經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行的難度加大。但中國(guó)的發(fā)展從來都是在攻堅(jiān)克難中前進(jìn)的，沒有過不去的坎。歷史上我們?cè)啻蚊媾R極為嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)，不但都挺了過來，而且發(fā)展得比以前更好�，F(xiàn)在中國(guó)的物質(zhì)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)更為厚實(shí)，產(chǎn)業(yè)配套能力強(qiáng)，城鄉(xiāng)和區(qū)域發(fā)展空間廣，消費(fèi)升級(jí)和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化蘊(yùn)含龐大新需求，人力資源豐富且素質(zhì)不斷提高，全社會(huì)創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新活躍，宏觀調(diào)控還有不少創(chuàng)新手段和政策儲(chǔ)備，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有足夠的韌性、潛力和回旋余地。應(yīng)對(duì)當(dāng)前的困難和挑戰(zhàn)，我們有底氣、有能力、有辦法。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)列車不會(huì)掉擋失速，必將行穩(wěn)致遠(yuǎn)。
Having said that, China is confronted with a host of difficulties and challenges in economic development. Deeply integrated into the world economy, the Chinese economy is inevitably affected by notable changes in the global economic and trade context. The moderation of growth in domestic investment and consumption has added to the difficulties of some companies and weighed on the stable performance of the economy. Nevertheless, China’s development has always been achieved through overcoming all sorts of difficulties and challenges, which have never been insurmountable. There were numerous occasions when we faced severe challenges, yet each time we managed to pull through and only emerged stronger than ever before.
Today’s China boasts a more solid material and technological foundation, a fairly complete industrial system, and broad space for urban-rural and regional development. It also enjoys huge new market demand generated by the upgrading of consumption and economic restructuring, abundant and increasingly competent human resources, vibrant entrepreneurship and innovation activities across the society, and a reserve of innovative measures and policy tools for macro regulation. All this gives our economy sufficient resilience, potential and space for maneuver. We have the confidence, ability and means to cope with the current difficulties and challenges. The express train of China’s economy will not lose speed but stay on a steady course.
營(yíng)造穩(wěn)定可預(yù)期的宏觀環(huán)境，是保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行的重要前提。中國(guó)過去沒有搞、現(xiàn)在也不會(huì)搞“大水漫灌”式強(qiáng)刺激。我們將繼續(xù)創(chuàng)新和完善宏觀調(diào)控，保持宏觀政策基本取向不變，注重預(yù)調(diào)微調(diào)，確保經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行在合理區(qū)間。對(duì)于中國(guó)這樣一個(gè)人口大國(guó)而言，穩(wěn)就業(yè)是頭等大事，要繼續(xù)作為經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行合理區(qū)間的下限，切實(shí)予以保障。我們將著力完善就業(yè)優(yōu)先的政策體系，健全就業(yè)促進(jìn)和保障機(jī)制，加強(qiáng)全方位公共就業(yè)服務(wù)，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)更加公平、更加充分的就業(yè)。積極的財(cái)政政策將更加積極，在擴(kuò)內(nèi)需和調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)上發(fā)揮更大作用，繼續(xù)推進(jìn)減稅降費(fèi)。穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策松緊有度，穩(wěn)定宏觀杠桿率，保持流動(dòng)性合理充裕，疏通貨幣政策傳導(dǎo)渠道，引導(dǎo)資金更多投向?qū)嶓w經(jīng)濟(jì)，著力解決中小微企業(yè)融資難融資貴問題。近期，人民幣匯率走勢(shì)出現(xiàn)一定幅度波動(dòng)，有人認(rèn)為是中國(guó)有意為之，這是不符合實(shí)際的，因?yàn)槿嗣駧艆R率單向貶值對(duì)中國(guó)弊多利少。中國(guó)堅(jiān)持市場(chǎng)化的匯率改革方向，不僅不會(huì)搞競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性貶值，還要為匯率穩(wěn)定創(chuàng)造條件。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)基本面穩(wěn)健、國(guó)際收支平衡、外匯儲(chǔ)備充裕，人民幣匯率完全能夠在合理均衡水平上保持基本穩(wěn)定。
Creating a stable and predictable macro-environment is an important precondition for steady economic performance. China did not resort to massive stimulus in the past; there is no reason why we should do it now. To make sure the economy operates within a proper range, we will continue to develop new and better ways of macro regulation, and keep to the fundamental goals of our macro policies while giving more attention to pre-emptive measures and fine-tuning. Stable employment is always a top priority for a populous country like China; it must be ensured as part of the key parameters delineating the proper range of economic operation. In this connection, we will improve the policy system to put employment first, develop full-fledged job promotion and security mechanisms, strengthen all types of public employment services to attain fairer and more adequate employment.
We will more proactively leverage the fiscal policy in boosting domestic demand and restructuring, and will implement further cuts in taxes and fees. We will pursue a prudent monetary policy with appropriate intensity to keep the macro leverage ratio stable and liquidity reasonably ample. We will see to it that the monetary policy transmission mechanisms are smoothed out in order to channel more funding into the real economy and make financing more accessible and affordable for micro businesses and SMEs.
The recent fluctuations in the RMB exchange rate have been seen by some as an intentional measure on the part of China. This is simply not true. Persistent depreciation of the RMB will only do more harm than good to our country. China is steadfast in its commitment to a market-oriented exchange rate reform. We will not engage in competitive devaluation; we will work to create conditions for keeping the value of the yuan stable. Given the healthy fundamentals of the Chinese economy, our sound balance of international payments and abundant foreign exchange reserves, there is every reason that the RMB exchange rate will remain basically stable at an adaptive and equilibrium level.
中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展正處在新舊動(dòng)能轉(zhuǎn)換的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，我們將堅(jiān)持穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)工作總基調(diào)，堅(jiān)持以供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革為主線，進(jìn)一步激發(fā)市場(chǎng)活力、增強(qiáng)內(nèi)生動(dòng)力、釋放內(nèi)需潛力，推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)保持中高速增長(zhǎng)、產(chǎn)業(yè)邁向中高端水平。
The Chinese economy is now at a crucial stage of shifting from traditional drivers of growth to new ones. We will adhere to the general principle of seeking progress while maintaining a stable performance, and focus on supply-side structural reforms to invigorate the market, bolster self-driven development and unleash the potential of China’s domestic demand. Through these efforts, we aim to keep the economy at a medium-high rate of growth and move our industries to a medium-high level.
一是以更大力度推進(jìn)改革開放。我們將繼續(xù)全面深化改革，加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)性關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域改革，深入推進(jìn)簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合、優(yōu)化服務(wù)改革，進(jìn)一步放寬市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入，提高政策透明度，實(shí)行公平公正監(jiān)管，為各類所有制企業(yè)、內(nèi)外資企業(yè)打造一視同仁、公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境。落實(shí)和完善支持民營(yíng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的政策措施，消除民營(yíng)企業(yè)投資的各種隱形障礙。嚴(yán)格保護(hù)各類產(chǎn)權(quán)，激勵(lì)企業(yè)家創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新。今年以來，我們大幅放寬了包括服務(wù)業(yè)特別是金融業(yè)在內(nèi)的外資市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入，降低部分商品進(jìn)口關(guān)稅，這是中國(guó)出于自身發(fā)展需要的自主選擇。今后我們將進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大開放，加強(qiáng)與國(guó)際通行經(jīng)貿(mào)規(guī)則對(duì)接，打造國(guó)際一流營(yíng)商環(huán)境。鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)有序走出去，開展第三方市場(chǎng)合作要符合有關(guān)國(guó)家的國(guó)情。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增量占全球30%左右，這是任何一個(gè)有遠(yuǎn)見的企業(yè)家都不會(huì)忽視的大市場(chǎng)，我們?cè)概c各國(guó)企業(yè)共享中國(guó)發(fā)展機(jī)遇。
First, China will work even harder to advance reform and opening-up. We will deepen reforms in all respects, especially reform in fundamental and key areas. By further streamlining administration, delegating powers, strengthening compliance oversight and improving government services, we will further widen market access, raise policy transparency, and exercise fair and impartial regulation to create a market environment in which companies of all ownerships, be they Chinese or foreign-owned, are treated as equals and compete on a level playing field. We will deliver and step up policy measures in support of the private sector, remove all hidden obstacles to their investment, protect all types of property rights, and incentivize entrepreneurial and innovation activities.
This year, we have taken steps to significantly ease market access for foreign investors in services sectors, particularly the financial sector, and lowered tariffs on some imported goods. This is a voluntary choice China has made in light of its own development needs. Going forward, we will open up further to enhance convergence with international economic and trade rules, and foster a world-class business environment. We will encourage more Chinese companies to go global in an orderly way and to pursue third-party cooperation with full sensitivity to local conditions. China’s economic growth now accounts for about 30 percent of the world’s total. The Chinese market is simply too big for any far-sighted business leaders to ignore and we welcome businesses from all over the world to share in China’s development opportunities.
二是以更大力度調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)。中國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)總體上仍處于中低端水平，我們將繼續(xù)鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)運(yùn)用新技術(shù)新模式改造提升傳統(tǒng)制造業(yè)，大力支持新興產(chǎn)業(yè)、服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展，用市場(chǎng)化法治化手段淘汰落后產(chǎn)能，推動(dòng)一二三產(chǎn)業(yè)融合發(fā)展，實(shí)現(xiàn)中國(guó)制造、中國(guó)服務(wù)品質(zhì)革命。消費(fèi)是中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的主要拉動(dòng)力，我們要促進(jìn)居民多渠道增收，持續(xù)增強(qiáng)消費(fèi)能力。新的個(gè)人所得稅法即將實(shí)施，個(gè)人稅負(fù)特別是中低收入者稅負(fù)會(huì)有明顯減輕。采取更加有效的消費(fèi)促進(jìn)政策，滿足人民群眾多元化、個(gè)性化需求。中國(guó)在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和民生領(lǐng)域還有不少短板，我們將擴(kuò)大這些領(lǐng)域的有效投資，引導(dǎo)社會(huì)力量廣泛參與，提供更多公共產(chǎn)品、公共服務(wù)，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和民生改善。
Second, China will work even harder on restructuring. Our country is still at the lower end of the industrial chain. We will continue to encourage businesses to transform and upgrade traditional manufacturing by harnessing new technologies and new business models. At the same time, we will give strong support to emerging industries and services sectors, phase out outdated production capacities through market-driven and law-based measures, and promote integrated development between the primary, secondary and tertiary industries to substantially raise the quality of made–in-China goods and services.
Given that consumption has now become the primary driver of China’s economic growth, we need to increase household incomes through multiple channels to expand the spending power of our consumers. The new personal income tax law to be implemented soon will notably reduce tax burdens on individuals, particularly low- and medium-income earners. We will introduce more effective policies to boost consumption and meet the diversified and individualized needs of our people. We are aware that there are still short planks in infrastructure and livelihood areas. To shore them up, we will expand effective investment and encourage private sector participation in these areas. This will enable us to provide more public goods and services, and boost the economy while improving living standards.
三是以更大力度激勵(lì)創(chuàng)新。提高創(chuàng)新能力是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)工程。我們將強(qiáng)化創(chuàng)新生態(tài)體系建設(shè)，支持基礎(chǔ)研究和應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究，鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)增加研發(fā)投入，加快創(chuàng)新成果轉(zhuǎn)化應(yīng)用。我們將完善政策、創(chuàng)新機(jī)制，提升眾創(chuàng)空間、孵化器、創(chuàng)新平臺(tái)的市場(chǎng)化專業(yè)化水平，打造線上線下結(jié)合、產(chǎn)學(xué)研用貫通、各類主體協(xié)同的融通創(chuàng)新格局。保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)就是保護(hù)和激勵(lì)創(chuàng)新。中國(guó)要實(shí)現(xiàn)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展，離不開一個(gè)尊重知識(shí)、保護(hù)產(chǎn)權(quán)的環(huán)境。中國(guó)已建立起完整的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法律保護(hù)體系，成立了專門的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法院。中國(guó)加入世貿(mào)組織以來，企業(yè)對(duì)外支付的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)費(fèi)增長(zhǎng)14倍。我們將進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)執(zhí)法力量，實(shí)施更加嚴(yán)格、更有威懾力的侵權(quán)懲罰性賠償制度，為各方面創(chuàng)新提供更加牢靠的保護(hù)。
Third, China will work even harder to stimulate innovation. Raising China’s innovative capacity requires a multi-pronged approach. We will foster an innovation-friendly environment in which basic research and applied basic research are supported, more corporate R&D spending is encouraged, and innovation outcomes are commercialized at a faster pace. We will introduce more effective policies and new mechanisms to make innovation platforms such as makerspaces and incubators more market-based and professional, and achieve integrated and synergized development of industries, universities, research institutes and end users in both online and offline activities.
To protect IPR is to protect and promote innovation. China cannot realize innovation-driven development without respect for and protection of IPR. Therefore, we have put in place a complete legal framework for IPR protection and set up special tribunals to handle IPR cases. Since China’s accession to the WTO, intellectual property royalties paid by Chinese companies to overseas proprietors have increased by 14 times. Going forward, we will further strengthen law enforcement and introduce a more rigorous mechanism of punitive compensation for IPR infringements to deter violations and better protect innovators from all sectors.
女士們、先生們！
Ladies and Gentlemen,
新產(chǎn)業(yè)革命方興未艾，正在深刻改變著世界。這是一個(gè)創(chuàng)新無限、希望無限的時(shí)代，也是一個(gè)發(fā)展嬗變、蓄勢(shì)躍升的時(shí)代。我們?cè)概c國(guó)際社會(huì)一道，合力推動(dòng)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展新動(dòng)能成長(zhǎng)壯大，讓新產(chǎn)業(yè)革命為各國(guó)人民帶來更多福祉！祝論壇圓滿成功！
The new industrial revolution unfolding before our eyes is changing the world in profound ways, ushering in an era of unlimited space for innovation and infinite possibilities to develop and prosper. China is ready to join the rest of the world in nurturing new drivers for the world economy and harnessing the industrial revolution for the wellbeing of all peoples. To conclude, let me wish the Annual Meeting a full success!
